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Date: 4/12/2008
Time: 2:56:21 AM
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(1971) "Electrogyration of crystals and phase transitions", Izv.AN SSSR, ser.fiz. XXXV (9), 1852-1855. Politics Portal The electric field and the electric displacement vectors of electromagnetic wave propagating in gyrotropic crystals may be written respectively as: where is the polarization azimuth of the incident light with respect to the principal indicatrix axis, the linear birefringence, the phase retardation, , and . In the case of light propagation along optically isotropic directions (i.e., the optic axes), the eigenwave become circularly polarized (), with different phase velocities and different signs of circular polarization (left and right ones). Hence the relation (8) may be simplified so as to describe a pure polarization plane rotation: , (11) The electrogyration effect may be also induced by spontaneous polarization appearing in the course of ferroelectric phase transitions [9]: The changes in the optical activity sign induced by the external electric field have been observed for the first time in ferroelectric crystals LiH3(SeO4)2 by H. Futama and R. Pepinsky in 1961 [1], while switching enantiomorphous ferroelectric domains (the change in the point symmetry group of the crystal being 2/m«m). The observed phenomenon has been explained as a consequence of specific domain structure (a replacement of optic axes occurred under the switching), rather than the electrogyration induced by spontaneous polarization. The first description of electrogyration effect induced by the biasing field and spontaneous polarization at ferroelectric phase transitions has been proposed by K. Aizu in 1963 on the basis of third-rank axial tensors [2] (the manuscript received on September 9, 1963). Probably, K. Aizu has been the first who defined the electro-gyration effect (”the rate of change of the gyration with the biasing electric field at zero value of the biasing electric field is provisionally referred to as “electrogyration””) and introduced the term “electrogyration” itself. Almost simultaneously with K. Aizu, I.S. Zheludev has suggested tensor description of the electrogyration in 1964 [3] (the manuscript received on February 21, 1964). In this paper the electrogyration has been referred to as “electro-optic activity”. In 1969, O.G. Vlokh has measured for the first time the electrogyration effect induced by external biasing field in the quartz crystal and determined the coefficient of quadratic electro-gyration effect [4] (the manuscript received on July 7, 1969). , (7) , (8) [discuss] – [edit] The changes in the optical activity sign induced by the external electric field have been observed for the first time in ferroelectric crystals LiH3(SeO4)2 by H. Futama and R. Pepinsky in 1961 [1], while switching enantiomorphous ferroelectric domains (the change in the point symmetry group of the crystal being 2/m«m). The observed phenomenon has been explained as a consequence of specific domain structure (a replacement of optic axes occurred under the switching), rather than the electrogyration induced by spontaneous polarization. The first description of electrogyration effect induced by the biasing field and spontaneous polarization at ferroelectric phase transitions has been proposed by K. Aizu in 1963 on the basis of third-rank axial tensors [2] (the manuscript received on September 9, 1963). Probably, K. Aizu has been the first who defined the electro-gyration effect (”the rate of change of the gyration with the biasing electric field at zero value of the biasing electric field is provisionally referred to as “electrogyration””) and introduced the term “electrogyration” itself. Almost simultaneously with K. Aizu, I.S. Zheludev has suggested tensor description of the electrogyration in 1964 [3] (the manuscript received on February 21, 1964). In this paper the electrogyration has been referred to as “electro-optic activity”. In 1969, O.G. Vlokh has measured for the first time the electrogyration effect induced by external biasing field in the quartz crystal and determined the coefficient of quadratic electro-gyration effect [4] (the manuscript received on July 7, 1969). ^ [15]Weber H.J. and Haussuhl S. (1974), "Electric-Field-Induced Optical Activity and Circular Dichroism of Cr-Doped KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O " Phys. Stat. Sol.(b) 65, 633-639. http://www2.uakron.edu/phn/_phd_disc/00004c12.htm# http://www2.uakron.edu/phn/_phd_disc/00004c18.htm# http://www.na.org/wso/forum/Subject1/00003481.htm# http://www.zoweeweb.com/_cusudi/00005921.htm# http://google.es abortion statistics in rape victims abortion, result of incest or rape abortions and rape absolutely 100% free rape movies absolutely free rape stories absolutely free rape story forum